8+ 函館 歴史 References
Introduction
Hakodate, located on the southern tip of Hokkaido Island, is a beautiful coastal city in Japan that boasts a rich history. The city is known for its scenic beauty and unique culture. Hakodate was one of the first ports in Japan to open up to foreign trade in 1854, which helped establish it as a hub for international exchange. This article will delve into the history of Hakodate, highlighting the significant events and landmarks that make it a must-visit destination for those interested in Japanese history.
The Beginnings of Hakodate
Hakodate was founded in 1454, during the Muromachi period, by a feudal lord named Kono Morihisa. The city was originally a small fishing village, and it wasn't until the Edo period (1603-1868) that the town began to grow into a bustling port city. During this time, the Matsumae clan, who ruled over Hokkaido, established a trading post in Hakodate to facilitate trade with neighboring countries.
The Opening of Hakodate Port
In 1854, following the end of Japan's isolationist period, the Treaty of Kanagawa was signed, which opened up Hakodate Port to foreign trade. This was a significant moment for Hakodate, as it became one of the first ports in Japan to allow international exchange. The growth of foreign trade brought new technologies and ideas to the city, which helped shape its unique culture.
The Development of Hakodate
During the Meiji period (1868-1912), Hakodate experienced significant development. The city's infrastructure was improved, and new buildings were constructed. Hakodate became a hub for trade, with merchants from all over the world flocking to the city to do business. The city's unique blend of Japanese and Western cultures became even more pronounced during this time.
The Russo-Japanese War and the Siege of Hakodate
In 1904, Japan declared war on Russia, which led to the Russo-Japanese War. Hakodate became an important strategic location during the war, and the city was heavily fortified to prevent a Russian invasion. In 1905, a group of Russian soldiers attempted to invade Hakodate by sea, but they were repelled by the Japanese navy. The Siege of Hakodate lasted for several months, and it was a critical moment in the war.
The Modernization of Hakodate
During the early 20th century, Hakodate continued to modernize. The city's streets were paved, and new buildings were constructed. The city also became a popular tourist destination, with visitors from all over Japan and the world coming to see its unique blend of Japanese and Western cultures. Today, Hakodate is known for its delicious seafood, stunning views of the sea and mountains, and rich history.
The Must-Visit Landmarks in Hakodate
There are many landmarks in Hakodate that are worth visiting. One of the most iconic is the Goryokaku Fort, which was built in the shape of a star and served as a key location during the Russo-Japanese War. Another must-see location is the Hakodate Morning Market, which offers fresh seafood and local delicacies. The Hakodate City Museum of Northern Peoples is also worth a visit, as it showcases the unique cultures of Hokkaido's indigenous peoples.
Conclusion
Hakodate is a city with a rich history and unique culture. From its beginnings as a small fishing village to its role as a hub for international exchange, Hakodate has played an important role in shaping Japan's history. Today, the city's blend of Japanese and Western cultures, stunning natural beauty, and delicious seafood make it a must-visit destination for anyone interested in Japanese history and culture.
References:
“Hakodate.” Japan Guide, 2021, www.japan-guide.com/e/e5350.html.
“Hakodate.” Lonely Planet, 2021, www.lonelyplanet.com/japan/hakodate.
“History of Hakodate.” Hakodate City Official Website, 2021, www.city.hakodate.hokkaido.jp/english/about_hakodate/history.html.
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